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CORALLINALES
CORALLINACEAE
* Amphiroa anastomosans Weber-van Bosse
Amphiroa anastomosans Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 91--92, pl. XVI: figs. 3, 4 (syntype localities: Indonesia: Pulau Lumulumu, Borneo Bank and Sikka, Flores).--- De Toni, 1924: 701.--- Břrgesen, 1936: 82.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.--- E. Ganesan, 1968: 20--23, 32--38.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Rhyne, 1971: 57.--- Hackett, 1977: 13.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Subba Rao et al., 1992: 182.--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Diego Garcia Atoll, India, Indonesia (Flores), Laccadive Islands, Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, Sri Lanka.
Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne
Corallina anceps Lamarck, 1815: 238 (type locality: ``les mers Australes ou de la Nouv. Holl.'').
Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842b: 125.--- Harvey, 1855b: 547.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Martens, 1868: 28, 84--85.--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.--- Sonder, 1880: 20.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 93--95, pl. XVI: figs. 6--8.--- Svedelius, 1906b: 195.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Břrgesen, 1934a: 7.--- Břrgesen, 1934b: 34.--- Břrgesen, 1937a: 47.--- Břrgesen, 1937b: 322.--- P. Anand, 1943b: 18--19.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- Newton, 1953: 397, 399, 407.--- Lind, 1956: 26.--- Gerloff, 1957: 765.--- V. May, 1965: 357.--- Salim, 1965: 195, 196.--- S. Dixit, 1966: 13.--- E. Ganesan, 1968: 8--10, 12--14, figs. 1, 2, 5--7, 12--20.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 44.--- H. Dave, Sitakara Rao, & Tipnis, 1970: 69.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1970b: 368.--- Isaac, 1971: 14.--- Subbaramaiah, 1971b: 21.--- Chauhan & Krishnamurthy, 1972: 2.--- K. Srinivasan, 1973: 11, pl. XI.--- Sartoni, 1975: 292, fig. 16.--- Jaasund, 1976: 97, fig. 160.--- Sartoni, 1976: 131, fig. 15.--- Anonymous, 1977: 59.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Simons, 1977: 30, fig. 73.--- Subbaramaiah et al., 1977: 59.--- Chauhan & Mairh, 1978: 35.--- Moorjani, 1978: 463.--- V. Krishnamurthy, 1980: 53.--- Lawson, 1980: 33.--- E. Lewis, 1980: 191, tables 1--3.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Sreenivasa Rao & Parekh, 1981: 578.--- Ohno & Mairh, 1982: table 1.--- Sreenivasa Rao & Shelat, 1982: 93, tables 1, 2.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Barratt et al., 1984: species list.--- Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1984: table 1.--- Oza, 1984: 3.--- R. Parekh et al., 1984: table 1.--- Segonzac, 1984: table 1.--- Sobha & Nair, 1985: 22.--- Kesava Rao, 1986: table I.--- Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1986: 131, table I.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 205.--- Barratt, Ormond, & Wrathall, 1986: 1-9, fig. 3; 3-5.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 170.--- Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 106--107.--- M. Dave et al., 1987: table 1.--- Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987a: table 2.--- Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1987b: 4.--- R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1987: table 1.--- Banaimoon, 1988b: 239, fig. 6.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 26, pl. 47a.--- Seagrief, 1988: 50, fig. 5:7.--- Awasthi, 1989: 78.--- Kesava Rao & Indusekhar, 1989c: table 1.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 237.--- Huisman et al., 1990: 94.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 411.--- Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50.--- Millar, 1990: 316.--- R. Parekh & Chauhan, 1990: table 1.--- Bhakuni et al., 1992: 514.--- Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 123.--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.--- Kumar, 1993b: 47.--- Nair et al., 1993: 185.--- Rama Rao et al., 1993: 106.--- Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 118.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Amphiroa dilatata Lamouroux, 1816: 299 (type locality: ``Australasie'').--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 97--98.--- Kützing, 1849: 703.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 536.--- Harvey, 1857a: no. 23.--- Kützing, 1858: 25, pl. 50: fig. II.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Möbius, 1893: 138.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- De Toni, 1905: 1815.--- Lucas, 1912: 163.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 33.--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Simons, 1977: 30, fig. 72.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1257.--- Lawson, 1980: 33.
* Galaxaura versicolor Sonder, 1845: 50 (type locality: Swan River, Western Australia fide Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 98).
Amphiroa galaxauroides Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 188 (nom. illeg.).--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 98.--- Kützing, 1849: 703.--- Kützing, 1858: 25, pl. 51: fig. I.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- Sonder, 1880: 20.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.--- De Wildeman, 1900: 425.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.
Misapplied name (fide Isaac, 1971: 14):
Amphiroa beauvoisii.--- Isaac, 1967: 79.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Comoro Islands, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Nicobar Islands, Oman, Pakistan, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Yemen.
Note: When transferring Galaxaura versicolor to Amphiroa, Sonder illegitimately changed the epithet to galaxauroides. That species was placed in the synonymy of A. dilatata by J. Areschoug (1852: 536). Amphiroa dilatata and A. nobilis were referred to A. anceps by Weber-van Bosse (1904b: 93--95).
Amphiroa angustata.--- De Toni & Levi, 1888: 34.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Réunion.
Note: We have been unable to determine an author for this name and assume that it is a manuscript name found by De Toni & Levi in Zanardini's herbarium.
Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816: 299--300 (type locality: Portugal).--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 100, pl. XIV: fig. 19.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 17--18.--- Jaasund, 1976: 81, fig. 162.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Lawson, 1980: 33.--- Barratt et al., 1984: species list.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 170.--- Seagrief, 1988: 50, fig. 5:7.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302, 304.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Amphiroa exilis Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 95--96 (syntype localities: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Algoa Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Kützing, 1858: 24, pl. 49: fig. II.--- Martens, 1868: 84--85.--- Barton, 1893: 203.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius, Oman, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: The conspecificity of Amphiroa exilis and A. beauvoisii was proposed by Yendo (1905: 4).
Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux var. crassiuscula (Harvey) Yendo
Amphiroa exilis Harvey var. crassiuscula Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 95--96 (type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).--- Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 15.
Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux var. crassiuscula (Harvey) Yendo, 1905: 4.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Réunion.
Amphiroa bowerbankii Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 97, pl. XXXVII (syntype localities: Cape Province, South Africa: Cape of Good Hope and Algoa Bay).--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 537.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 95--96, pl. XIV: figs. 14--17.--- De Toni, 1905: 1816.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 362, 373.--- Eyre, Broekhuysen, & Crichton, 1938: 92, 107.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Seagrief, 1977: 90.--- Simons, 1977: 30, fig. 70.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 170.--- Seagrief, 1988: 37, 50, fig. 5:7.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.--- Farrell et al., 1994: 280.
Misapplied name (fide J. Areschoug, 1852: 537):
Amphiroa dilatata.--- Krauss, 1837: 20.--- Krauss, 1846: 211.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Java), Madagascar, South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Amphiroa brasiliana Decaisne, 1842b: 125 (type locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).--- Nair, Sobha, & Arunachalam, 1982: 267 (table 1) (with query).--- Sobha & Nair, 1985: 22 (with query).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India.
* Amphiroa canaliculata Martens
Amphiroa canaliculata Martens, 1868: 28--29, 84--85, pl. VI (type locality: Indonesia: ``an der Südküste von Java bei Buntjo-tji-ower'' [Ujung Juwuwer?]).--- Möbius, 1893: 138.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.--- De Wildeman, 1900: 425.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 97--98, pl. XVI: figs. 9--12.--- De Toni, 1905: 1815.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Java and Lombok).
Amphiroa capensis J. Areschoug
Amphiroa capensis J. Areschoug, 1852: 533 (syntype localities: Table Bay and False Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Hohenacker, 1855 [1852--1862]: no. 243.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- Seagrief, 1977: 90.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Amphiroa crassa Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 627 (type locality: Shark Bay, Western Australia).--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 98, pl. XV: figs. 1--7.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Indonesia.
* Amphiroa crassa Lamouroux forma minuta Weber-van Bosse
Amphiroa crassa Lamouroux forma minuta Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 98, pl. XV: fig. 3 (type locality: Sikka, Flores, Indonesia).--- Břrgesen, 1943: 19.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Flores), Mauritius.
Amphiroa cryptarthrodia Zanardini
Corallina verrucosa Zanardini, 1840a: 136 (type locality: Adriatic Sea).
Amphiroa cryptarthrodia Zanardini, 1844: 1025.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Segonzac, 1984: 100--101, pl. 1: figs. 5, 6, table 1.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius.
Note: In transferring Corallina verrucosa to Amphiroa, Zanardini was obligated to propose a new epithet because of the prior existence of A. verrucosa Lamouroux 1816.
Amphiroa ephedraea (Lamarck) Decaisne
Corallina ephedraea Lamarck, 1815: 238 (type locality: ``les mers Australes ou de la Nouv. Holl.'').
Amphiroa ephedraea (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842b: 124.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 95, pl. XXXIX.--- J. Agardh, 1852 [1851--1863]: 534--535.--- Harvey, 1855b: 547 (`ephedra').--- Hohenacker, 1855 [1852--1862]: no. 242.--- J. Areschoug, 1856: no. 71.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Sonder, 1880: 20.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 96--97, pl. XIV: fig. 13.--- De Toni, 1905: 1812--1813.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 9--10.--- Delf & Michell, 1921: 119.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 355, 362, 373.--- Eyre, Broekhuysen, & Crichton, 1938: 92, 107.--- Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 30, 32.--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 394.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- Gerloff, 1957: 765.--- V. May, 1965: 357.--- Seagrief, 1967: 132, pl. [57].--- Johansen, 1968: 319--328, figs. 1--26.--- Simons, 1969: 252, fig. (s.n.).--- Jackson, 1976: 15, 20, 24, 33.--- Seagrief, 1977: 90.--- Simons, 1977: 30, fig. 71.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1256, 1258, 1259.--- Beckley & McLachlan, 1979: 179.--- Joubert & Hanekom, 1980: appendices 1--3.--- Lawson, 1980: 33.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 211.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 170.--- Knoop & Bate, 1988a: 149, 150--151, 152--153, figs. 3, 4.--- Knoop & Bate, 1988b: 244.--- Seagrief, 1988: 37, 50, fig. 5:7.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302, 304, 305.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 237.--- Knoop & Bate, 1990: 166, fig. 1, tables I--IV.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
Taxonomic synonyms:
* Amphiroa fusoides Lamouroux, 1816: 297--298, pl. XI: fig. 2 (type locality: ``Océan indien'').--- Kützing, 1849: 700.--- Kützing, 1858: 21, pl. 43: fig. III.--- Martens, 1868: 84--85.
Amphiroa gaillonii Lamouroux, 1816: 299, pl. XI: fig. 3 (type locality: ``Australasie'').--- Krauss, 1837: 19--20.--- Krauss, 1846: 211.--- Kützing, 1858: 22--23, pl. 47: fig. I.--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.
* Amphiroa poeppigii Endlicher & Diesing, 1845b: 290 (`pöppigii') (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).
* Amphiroa gueinzii Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 95 (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Kützing, 1858: 23, pl. 48: fig. I.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Indonesia (Sumatra), Madagascar, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by J. Areschoug (1852: 534).
Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 628, pl. 93: figs. 2, 3 (type locality: Mariana Islands).--- Pilger, 1908b: 46--47, pl. 6: figs. 8--11.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 141.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 305.--- E. Ganesan, 1968: 14--20, figs. 3, 4, 8--11, 21--31.--- Isaac, 1968: 4.--- Isaac & Isaac, 1968: 23.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Pichon, 1978: 410.--- Farghaly, 1980: 161 (`foliosa').--- Lawson, 1980: 34.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Segonzac, 1984: table 1.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1993: 55.--- Phang, 1994b: 126.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Seychelles.
* Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux forma erecta Weber-van Bosse
Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux forma erecta Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 92--93, pl. XIV: figs. 2--8 (syntype localities: various in Indonesia, including Timor).--- Levring, 1943: 178.
Misapplied name (fide Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 93):
Amphiroa nobilis.--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands, Indonesia (Timor), Singapore.
* Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux forma procumbens Weber-van Bosse
Amphiroa foliacea Lamouroux forma procumbens Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 92--93, pl. XIV: fig. 1 (syntype localities: Indonesia: Tioor Island, Watubela Islands, Moluccas and northeast point of Timor).--- Pilger, 1908b: 46.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Timor), Sri Lanka.
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux
Corallina fragilissima Linnaeus, 1758: 806 (type locality: Jamaica).
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816: 298.--- Martens, 1868: 28, 84--85.--- Martens, 1871b: 467.--- Theobald, 1883: 30.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.--- Möbius, 1893: 138.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.--- De Wildeman, 1900: 425.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 89--91 (forma fragilissima).--- Pilger, 1908b: 47--48, pl. 6: figs. 12, 13.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 141.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 305.--- Lemoine, 1917: 131.--- Břrgesen, 1934a: 7.--- Břrgesen, 1934b: 34.--- Břrgesen, 1935: 51.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Břrgesen, 1938b: 213.--- S. Dixit, 1940a: 96.--- S. Dixit, 1941: 127.--- P. Anand, 1943b: 19, fig. 10.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 17.--- Levring, 1943: 178 (forma fragilissima).--- Břrgesen, 1950b: 6--7.--- Chacko, Mahadevan, & Ganesan, 1955: 12.--- Gerloff, 1957: 765.--- Varma, 1959: 249.--- Varma, 1961: 224.--- Salim, 1965: 195.--- S. Dixit, 1966: 13.--- S. Lee, 1966: 265, 271.--- Johnson, 1967b: 29, fig. 3.--- Isaac, 1968: 4.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 44.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Sreenivasa Rao & Kale, 1970: 76--78.--- Umamaheswara Rao & Sreeramulu, 1970a: 38.--- Isaac, 1971: 14--15.--- Rhyne, 1971: 57.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1972: 221, figs. 2, 5.--- A. Sarma & Ganapati, 1973: 146, table 1.--- Islam, 1974b: 87.--- A. Sarma & Ganapati, 1974: 383, 391, tables I, II.--- Subbaramaiah, 1974: 59.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.--- Sartoni, 1975: 292, fig. 17.--- Islam, 1976: 53--54.--- Jaasund, 1976: 79, fig. 158.--- Sartoni, 1976: 131--132, fig. 16.--- Faure & Montaggioni, 1977: 661.--- Hackett, 1977: 13.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- A. Sarma, 1977: 745.--- Subbaramaiah, Nair, & Krishnamurthy, 1977: 76.--- Moorjani, 1978: 461.--- Basson, 1979: 69, pl. XI: fig. 59.--- Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 3.--- Lawson, 1980: 34.--- E. Lewis, 1980: 191, tables 1--3.--- Chandrasekhara Rao et al., 1982: tables 2, 3.--- Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 51.--- Muralikrishnamurty, 1983: 85, tables 1, 2.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Teo & Wee, 1983: 87, fig. 88.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Aleem, 1984: 921.--- Segonzac, 1984: table 1.--- Untawale & Jagtap, 1984: 101 (table 1).--- Agadi, 1985: 38.--- Jagtap, 1985a: 47.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1985: 96.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- G. Rao & Umamaheswara Rao, 1986: 103.--- Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 106--107.--- M. Dave et al., 1987: table 1.--- Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 296.--- Wahidulla et al., 1987: 411--412.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 26, pl. 47b.--- Heiba, 1989: 404, table 1.--- Shameel, Afaq-Husain, & Shahid-Husain, 1989: 179.--- Untawale & Jagtap, 1989: table I.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Ambiye, 1989: table 1.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Deshmukhe, 1989: fig. 2, table 1.--- Ambiye & Untawale, 1991a: 55--61, figs. 1, 2a--g.--- Phang & Wee, 1991: 58.--- D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.--- Basson, 1992: 225.--- Bhakuni et al., 1992: 514.--- Coppejans, Beeckman, & De Wit, 1992: 64.--- Jagtap, 1992: 57.--- Kaliaperumal et al., 1992: 13.--- Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 123.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Kamat et al., 1992: table I.--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1993: 55.--- Nair et al., 1993: 185, 193.--- Rama Rao et al., 1993: 106 (`graquilissima').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Chagos Archipelago, Comoro Islands (Île de Mayotte), Diego Garcia Atoll, India, Indonesia (Flores and Semau), Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Nicobar Islands, Pakistan, Qatar, Réunion, Rodriguez Island, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux forma cuspidata (Ellis & Solander) Weber-van Bosse
Corallina cuspidata Ellis & Solander, 1786: 124, pl. 21: fig. e (type locality: ``West-Indian Islands'').
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux forma cuspidata (Ellis & Solander) Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 89--91.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Flores; Semau; Sumatra).
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. linearis Dickie nom. inval.
Amphiroa fragilissima (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. linearis Dickie, 1877b: 7.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Rodriguez Island.
Note: We have been unable to determine the author of this name and assume that it was initiated by Dickie.
Amphiroa gracilis Harvey, 1855b: 547 (syntype localities: King George Sound and Rottnest Island, Western Australia).--- Harvey, 1862: pl. CCXXXI.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Bornet, 1885: 19.--- De Toni, 1905: 1809--1810.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 394.--- Ducker, 1979a: 96, 98, fig. 158.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 411.
Metagoniolithon gracile (Harvey) Yendo, 1905: 12.--- Manza, 1940: 311.--- V. May, 1965: 356.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Madagascar.
Amphiroa irregularis Kützing, 1843b: 387 (type locality: Golfo di Napoli, Italy).--- Sonder, 1879: 82--83.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- Lawson, 1980: 34.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania (Zanzibar).
Amphiroa rigida Lamouroux, 1816: 297, pl. XI: fig. 1 (type locality: Mediterranean Sea).--- Harvey, 1857a: no. 22.--- Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 14--15.--- Martens, 1868: 84--85.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Durairatnam, 1961a: 51.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Jaasund, 1976: 79, fig. 159.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Seagrief, 1977: 90.--- Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 3.--- Lawson, 1980: 34.--- Gopinathan & Panigrahy, 1983: 51.--- Teo & Wee, 1983: 88, fig. 89.--- Untawale & Jagtap, 1984: 101 (table 1).--- Jagtap, 1985a: 47.--- Seagrief, 1988: 50, fig. 5:7.--- Phang & Wee, 1991: 58.--- Coppejans, Beeckman, & De Wit, 1992: 64.--- Jagtap, 1992: 57.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.--- Naim, 1993: 142.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Mauritius, Nicobar Islands, Réunion, Singapore, Tanzania.
Amphiroa tribulus (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux
Corallina tribulus Ellis & Solander, 1786: 124, pl. 21: fig. e (type locality: West Indies).
Amphiroa tribulus (Ellis & Solander) Lamouroux, 1816: 302.--- Martens, 1871b: 467.--- Theobald, 1883: 30.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Isaac, 1971: 15.--- Jaasund, 1976: 81, fig. 161.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Farghaly, 1980: 161.--- Lawson, 1980: 34.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Kenya, Madagascar, Tanzania.
* Amphiroa ungulata Montagne & Millardet
Amphiroa ungulata Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 16, pl. XXV: fig. 4 (type locality: Réunion).--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.--- De Toni, 1905: 1818.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, Réunion.
Arthrocardia anceps (Yendo) Johansen
Corallina anceps Kützing, 1843b: 388 (type locality: ``Cap?'' [Cape of Good Hope, South Africa]).
Cheilosporum anceps Yendo, 1902a: 18.
Arthrocardia anceps (Yendo) Johansen in Seagrief, 1984: 2, 5.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986a: 54.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 203, 211, 215.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: Corallina anceps Kützing is a later homonym of C. anceps Lamarck (1815: 238) and hence not priorable. Cheilosporum anceps is treated as a nomen novum in accordance with Art. 58.3 (Tokyo Code) of the ICBN.
Arthrocardia carinata (Kützing) Johansen
Corallina carinata Kützing, 1858: 30, pl. 61: fig. II (type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).
Arthrocardia carinata (Kützing) Johansen in Seagrief, 1984: 2, 5--6.--- Seagrief, 1988: 50, fig. 5:7.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Arthrocardia linearis Manza, 1937b: 569 (type locality: Isipingo Beach, near Durban, South Africa).--- Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 33.--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Manza, 1940: 287.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1257.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, South Africa.
Note: Pocock (1958: 26), in citing Arthrocardia carinata from Mozambique, intended to make the transfer from Corallina. Because she failed to cite the basionym, however, the combination is invalid. Seagrief (1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7) also used the binomial without making the combination validly. The conspecificity of Arthrocardia linearis and A. carinata was proposed by Johansen (l.c.).
Arthrocardia corymbosa (Lamarck) Decaisne
Corallina corymbosa Lamarck, 1815: 234--235 (type locality: ``mers d'Amérique'' [but thought to be Cape of Good Hope, South Africa fide Johansen, 1969: 57--58]).
Arthrocardia corymbosa (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842a: 359.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 550--551.--- Barton, 1893: 203.
Amphiroa corymbosa (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842b: 124.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 99, pl. XXXVIII (upper left).
Cheilosporum corymbosum (Lamarck) De Toni, 1905: 1826--1827.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
* Arthrocardia duthieae Johansen
Duthiea setchellii Manza, 1937a: 48 (type locality: Blauwklip, near mouth of Groote River [Keurbooms River], Knysna District, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Kylin, 1956: 211.
Duthiophycus setchellii (Manza) Tandy, 1938: 115.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.--- Seagrief, 1967: 140, pl. [61].--- Simons, 1969: 253, fig. (s.n.).--- Joubert & Hanekom, 1980: appendices 1, 3.
Arthrocardia duthieae Johansen, 1969: 58, figs. 28b,c (`duthiae').--- Seagrief, 1988: 37, 50, fig. 5:7.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302, 304, 305.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: In transferring Duthiea setchellii to Arthrocardia, Johansen was obligated to propose a new epithet because of the prior existence of A. setchellii Manza, a different species.
Arthrocardia filicula (Lamarck) Johansen
Corallina filicula Lamarck, 1815: 234 (type locality: ``Oc. américain'').
Arthrocardia palmata (Ellis & Solander) J. Areschoug, 1852: 549--550 (forma b).--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 171.
Cheilosporum palmatum (Ellis & Solander) Yendo var. filicula (Lamarck) Yendo, 1902b: 192 (`filiculum').--- De Toni, 1905: 1826.
Arthrocardia filicula (Lamarck) Johansen in Seagrief, 1984: 2, 6 (including Indian Ocean record).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: When assigning Corallina filicula to Arthrocardia palmata, J. Areschoug (l.c.) designated the resulting form b rather than making the combination palmata forma filicula.
Arthrocardia flabellata (Kützing) Manza
Corallina flabellata Kützing, 1858: 29, pl. 60: fig. II (type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 355, 373.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1258, 1259.
Arthrocardia flabellata (Kützing) Manza, 1940: 286.--- Seagrief, 1988: 50, fig. 5:7.
Taxonomic synonyms:
* Arthrocardia gardneri Manza, 1937b: 568 (type locality: Isipingo Beach, near Durban, South Africa).--- Manza, 1940: 286--287.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.--- Pocock, 1958: 26, fig. 7e.
Arthrocardia stephensonii Manza, 1937b: 570 (type locality: St. James, False Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Stephenson, 1947: 300.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa.
Note: Arthrocardia gardneri and A. stephensonii are included as synonyms on the authority of Johansen (in Seagrief, 1984: 6).
Arthrocardia palmata (Ellis & Solander) J. Areschoug
Corallina palmata Ellis & Solander, 1786: 118, pl. 21: figs. a, A (type locality: ``American Seas'' [but thought to be South Africa fide W.R. Taylor, 1960: 411]).--- Krauss, 1837: 18--19.
Arthrocardia palmata (Ellis & Solander) J. Areschoug, 1852: 549--550.--- Hohenacker, 1855 [1852--1862]: no. 241 (var.).--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Arthrocardia attenuata Manza, 1937b: 568 (type locality: Sea Point, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Stephenson, 1947: 300 (with query).
Jania digitata Manza, 1937b: 571--572 (type locality: St. James, False Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, South Africa.
Note: Arthrocardia attenuata and Jania digitata are included as synonyms on the authority of Johansen (in Seagrief, 1984: 9).
Arthrocardia wardii (Harvey) J. Areschoug
Amphiroa wardii Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 99, pl. XXXVIII (in part) (type locality: Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia).
Arthrocardia wardii (Harvey) J. Areschoug, 1852: 551--552.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.
Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini
* Cheilosporum acutilobum (Decaisne) Piccone
Amphiroa acutiloba Decaisne, 1842b: 125 (type locality: Mauritius).--- Kützing, 1849: 704.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 547.--- Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 16--17.--- Martens, 1868: 86--87.--- De Toni & Levi, 1888: 34.
Cheilosporum acutilobum (Decaisne) Piccone, 1886: 66 (including Indian Ocean record).--- De Toni, 1905: 1833.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 62--64.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 19--21, fig. 5.--- Břrgesen, 1950b: 7--8, fig. 1.--- Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 263.--- Hodgkin & Michel, 1963: 131.--- Jaasund, 1976: 81, fig. 163.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Lawson, 1980: 38.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- Srimanobhas et al., 1990: 108.--- Jagtap, 1992: 57.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
Taxonomic synonym:
Cheilosporum jungermannioides Ruprecht ex J. Areschoug, 1852: 546--547 (type locality: Tahiti).--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 107.--- Manza, 1940: 295.--- Břrgesen, 1950b: 8.--- Břrgesen, 1953: 26, fig. 7.--- Isaac, 1971: 15.--- Lawson, 1980: 38.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 27, pl. 51.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Java), Kenya, Mauritius, Nicobar Islands, Réunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Srimanobhas et al. (1990: 104), who suggest the possibility that the records of Břrgesen (1943; 1953) are representative of another species.
* Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug
Amphiroa cultrata Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 102, pl. XXXIX (in part) (lectotype locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa fide Johansen, 1977: 175).--- Kützing, 1858: 26--27, pl. 54: figs. a--i.
Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug, 1852: 545--546.--- J. Areschoug, 1856: no. 70.--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.--- Bornet, 1885: 19.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- De Toni, 1905: 1831.--- Delf & Michell, 1921: 119.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 355, 373.--- Eyre, Broekhuysen, & Crichton, 1938: 107.--- Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 32.--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Manza, 1940: 293--294.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.--- Isaac, 1957b: 93, figs. 12, 13.--- Isaac & Chamberlain, 1958: 148.--- Pocock, 1958: 26.--- Seagrief, 1967: 136, pl. [59].--- Simons, 1969: 253, fig. (s.n.).--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Jackson, 1976: 15, 18, 20, 33.--- Johansen, 1977: 175--176, figs. 1--4, 6--17, 23, 27 (subsp. cultratum).--- Simons, 1977: 31, fig. 75.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1253, 1254, 1258, 1259.--- Beckley, 1979: 171.--- Beckley & McLachlan, 1979: 179, figs. 6, 7.--- Beckley & McLachlan, 1980: 173, tables 2, 3.--- Joubert & Hanekom, 1980: appendices 1, 3.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Bolton, 1986: 254.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986a: 54.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 203, 211, 215.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 173.--- Seagrief, 1988: 37, 52, fig. 5:8.--- Stegenga, 1988: 381, 383.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 302.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 237.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
Taxonomic synonym:
Amphiroa cultrata Harvey var. globulifera Kützing, 1858: 27, pl. 55: fig. I (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Sumatra), Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Note: According to Yendo (1905: 19), Amphiroa cultrata Harvey var. globulifera ``is the name given to a plant having the conceptacles of Choreonema''. This name, when lectotypified, will then be a synonym either of the host or of the parasite.
* Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug var. debilis (Kützing) Yendo
Amphiroa cultrata Harvey var. debilis Kützing, 1858: 27, pl. 54: figs. k, l (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).
Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug var. debilis (Kützing) Yendo, 1905: 18.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: Although Kützing did not provide a description of Amphiroa cultrata var. debilis, his illustration suffices to validate the name in accordance with Art. 44.2 of the ICBN, a special provision for non-vascular plants.
* Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug subsp. multifidum (Kützing) Johansen
Amphiroa multifida Kützing, 1858: 27, pl. 56: fig. I (type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).
Cheilosporum multifidum (Kützing) Yendo, 1902b: 193.--- Simons, 1977: 31, fig. 77.
Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) J. Areschoug subsp. multifidum (Kützing) Johansen, 1977: 176--177, figs. 24, 25, 28 (including Indian Ocean records).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
The following taxon apparently lies within the circumscription of Cheilosporum cultratum subsp. multifidum but has not yet been transferred or reduced to synonymy:
* Amphiroa multifida Kützing var. minor Kützing ex Montagne & Millardet
Amphiroa multifida Kützing var. minor Kützing ex Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 15--16 (type locality: Réunion).--- Martens, 1868: 86--87 (`A. multifida').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Réunion.
Cheilosporum elegans (J. Hooker & Harvey) J. Areschoug
Amphiroa elegans J. Hooker & Harvey in Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 101, pl. XXXVIII (in part) (type locality: New Zealand).
Cheilosporum elegans (J. Hooker & Harvey) J. Areschoug, 1852: 546.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: This New Zealand species is not recognized by Johansen (1977) in his monograph of South African Cheilosporum.
* Cheilosporum proliferum (Lamouroux) Hariot
Corallina prolifera Lamouroux, 1816: 291, pl. X: fig. 5 (type locality: ``Indes Orientales'').
Arthrocardia prolifera (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842a: 359.
Amphiroa prolifera (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842b: 125.--- Martens, 1868: 86--87.
Cheilosporum proliferum (Lamouroux) Hariot, 1902: 472.--- De Toni, 1905: 1833.--- Johansen, 1977: 177--178, figs. 18--21, 30--34.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 173.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303.--- Srimanobhas et al., 1990: 111.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Amphiroa flabellata Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 101, pl. XXXIX (upper right) (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Kützing, 1858: 28, pl. 58: figs. IId,e.
Cheilosporum flabellatum (Harvey) J. Areschoug, 1852: 544--545.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- De Toni, 1905: 1832.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 355, 373.--- Eyre & Stephenson, 1938: 30, 33.--- Stephenson, 1939: 534.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259.
* Amphiroa stangeri Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 101, pl. XXXIX (upper left) (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Kützing, 1858: 28, pl. 58: figs. Ia--c.
Cheilosporum stangeri (Harvey) J. Areschoug, 1852: 544.--- J. Areschoug, 1856: no. 69.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Hariot, 1902: 472.--- De Toni, 1905: 1831--1832.
* Amphiroa heterocladia Kützing, 1858: 28--29, pl. 58: fig. III (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- De Toni, 1905: 1822.
* Cheilosporum africanum Manza, 1937b: 570--571 (type locality: Still Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- Manza, 1940: 294.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
* Cheilosporum pulchellum Harvey, 1855b: 547 (type locality: Rottnest Island, Western Australia).--- Harvey, 1857a: no. 24 [Amphiroa (Cheilosporum) pulchella].--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Sonder, 1880: 20.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- De Toni, 1905: 1834.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Lucas, 1912: 164.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 64--67.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 397.--- V. May, 1965: 356.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 411.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Johansen (1977: 177--178) and Srimanobhas et al. (1990: 110). The latter authors note that in some specimens of Cheilosporum pulchellum conceptacles are located in branches like those of Jania and that the species thus requires further study.
* Cheilosporum sagittatum (Lamouroux) J. Areschoug
Corallina sagittata Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 625, pl. 95: figs. 11, 12 (type locality: Mauritius).
Arthrocardia sagittata (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842a: 359.
Amphiroa sagittata (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842b: 125.--- Krauss, 1846: 211.--- Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 188.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 102.--- Kützing, 1849: 704.--- Kützing, 1858: 28, pl. 56: fig. II.--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 181.--- De Wildeman, 1900: 425.
Cheilosporum sagittatum (Lamouroux) J. Areschoug, 1852: 545.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix, pl. CCL.--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Möbius, 1893: 138.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- De Toni, 1905: 1832--1833.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 61--62.--- Manza, 1940: 292--293, pl. 9.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 396, fig. 200.--- Johansen, 1977: 178, figs. 22, 29.--- Simons, 1977: 31, fig. 76.--- Lawson, 1980: 38.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 7.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 173.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Indonesia (Java), Kenya, Mauritius, Somalia, South Africa.
Cheilosporum spectabile Harvey ex Grunow
Cheilosporum spectabile Harvey ex Grunow, 1874: 41 (type locality: Tonga).--- Břrgesen, 1935: 51--52.--- Břrgesen, 1938b: 213.--- S. Dixit, 1966: 13.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 44.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1970b: 368.--- Subbaramaiah, 1974: 59.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.--- V. Krishnamurthy, 1980: 53.--- Nair, Sobha, & Arunachalam, 1982: 267 (table 1).--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Agadi, 1985: 38.--- Balasundaram, 1985: 180 ff.--- Mageswaran, Balakrishnan, & Balasubramaniam, 1985: tables 1--5.--- Sobha & Nair, 1985: 22.--- Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 106--107.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Deshmukhe, 1989: fig. 2, table 1.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Balasundaram, 1990: 7, fig. 5.--- V. Krishnamurthy et al., 1990: figs. 4--7.--- D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.--- Sofiamma et al., 1991: tables I--IV.--- Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 123.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Maya & Nair, 1992: 32.--- Premnathan et al., 1992: table I.--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Nair et al., 1993: 186.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India, Laccadive Islands, Seychelles, Sri Lanka.
Choreonema thuretii (Bornet) Schmitz
Melobesia thuretii Bornet in Thuret & Bornet, 1878: 96--99, pl. L: figs. 1--8 (`thureti') (lectotype locality: Pointe de Querqueville, Manche, France fide Woelkerling, 1987a: 113).
Choreonema thuretii (Bornet) Schmitz, 1889: 455.--- Mazza, 1917 [1905--1918]: 179--180.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 58--59.--- Pocock, 1956: 12--13, pl. 1: figs. A, B.--- Pocock, 1958: 26.--- V. May, 1965: 355.--- Isaac, 1971: 16.--- Lawson, 1980: 39.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 173.--- Woelkerling, 1987a: 113.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 411.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Amphiroa cultrata Harvey var. globulifera Kützing, 1858: 27, pl. 55: fig. I (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 180.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Indonesia (Sumatra), Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa.
Note: According to Yendo (1905: 19), Amphiroa cultrata var. globulifera ``is the name given to a plant having the conceptacles of Choreonema''. This name, when lectotypified, will then be a synonym either of the host or of the parasite.
Corallina berteroi Montagne ex Kützing
Corallina berteroi Montagne ex Kützing, 1849: 709 (`berterii') (type locality: Chile).
Taxonomic synonym:
* Arthrocardia capensis J. Areschoug, 1852: 552--553 (type locality: Natal Bay, South Africa).--- Hohenacker, 1855 [1852--1862]: nos. 239, 240.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- E. Ganesan, 1967: 159--163, figs. 1--5, pl. 1: figs. 1, 2, 5.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].
Cheilosporum ? capense (J. Areschoug) De Toni, 1905: 1828, 1829.
Corallina capensis (J. Areschoug) Yendo, 1905: 30.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India, South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Note: Because the epithet commemorates the Italian-Chilean botanist Carlo Giuseppe Bertero (1789--1831), the original spelling, berterii (Kützing, 1849: 709; Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 103), should be changed to berteroi. The synonymy was proposed by Johansen (in Seagrief, 1984: 5, 19).
Corallina chilensis Decaisne in Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 103--104 (lectotype locality: Valparaiso, Chile fide Dawson, Acleto, & Foldvik, 1964: 46).--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Corallina muscoides Kützing, 1858: 42, pl. 86: fig. V (type locality: ``Senegambia'' [Senegal or Gambia]).--- Grunow, 1867: 77--78.--- Reichardt, 1871: 25.--- Hemsley, 1884: 281.--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Amsterdam Island, St. Paul Island.
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus, 1758: 805 (type locality: ``O. Eur.'' [Oceanus Europae]).--- Krauss, 1837: 15--17.--- Krauss, 1846: 211.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- Břrgesen, 1934a: 7.--- Břrgesen, 1934b: 34.--- P. Anand, 1943b: 22.--- Salim, 1965: 195, 196.--- S. Dixit, 1966: 13.--- Sreenivasa Rao & Parekh, 1981: 577, table III.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303, 304, 305.--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India, Pakistan, South Africa.
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus var. mediterranea Kützing
Corallina officinalis Linnaeus var. mediterranea Kützing, 1858: 32, pl. 66: fig. III (syntype localities: Mediterranean and Adriatic seas).--- Grunow, 1867: 77.--- Reichardt, 1871: 25.--- Hemsley, 1884: 281 (without varietal designation).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: St. Paul Island.
Corallina pilulifera Postels & Ruprecht
Corallina pilulifera Postels & Ruprecht, 1840: 20, pl. XL: fig. 101 (type locality: ``Siberia transbaicalensis'' [possibly Sea of Okhotsk fide Postels & Ruprecht, l.c.]).--- Hohenacker, 1862 [1852--1862]: no. 588.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301 (with query).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Note: Penrose & Chamberlain (1993) transferred Fosliella farinosa, the type of Fosliella, to Hydrolithon. The disposition of F. fertilis, which was not transferred, is uncertain.
Fosliella fertilis (Lemoine) Segonzac
Melobesia fertilis Lemoine, 1930: 49--50, fig. 12, pl. I: fig. 5 (type locality: Gulf of Panama: Coiba Island).
Fosliella fertilis (Lemoine) Segonzac, 1984: 100, pl. 1: figs. 8, 9, table 1 (including Indian Ocean record).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands.
Note: The binomial as first used by Segonzac (1983: 250) was not a valid new combination because the basionym was not fully cited.
Note: After type specimens have been studied, the number of recognized species of Haliptilon will probably be much reduced.
Haliptilon cubense (Montagne ex Kützing) Garbary & Johansen
Jania cubensis Montagne ex Kützing, 1849: 709--710 (type locality: Cuba).
Corallina cubensis (Montagne ex Kützing) Kützing, 1858: 37, pl. 77: fig. II.--- P. Anand, 1943b: 21--22, fig. 13.--- Isaac, 1958: 21.--- Isaac & Chamberlain, 1958: 148--149, fig. 18.--- Pocock, 1958: 26.--- Isaac, 1959: 181--182.--- Salim, 1965: 195, 196.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.
Haliptilon cubense (Montagne ex Kützing) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`cubensis').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, Pakistan.
* Haliptilon mauritianum (Břrgesen) Garbary & Johansen
Corallina mauritiana Břrgesen, 1943: 22--25, figs. 7, 8 (syntype localities: various in Mauritius).--- Gerloff, 1957: 765--766, fig. 47.--- Isaac, 1967: 79.--- Lind & Morrison, 1974: 130.--- Lawson, 1980: 40.
Haliptilon mauritianum (Břrgesen) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`mauritiana').
Misapplied name (fide Břrgesen, l.c.):
Corallina polydactyla.--- Jadin, 1935: 170.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania.
Note: Johansen (in Isaac, 1971: 15) suspected that Corallina subulata Ellis & Solander, C. polydactyla Montagne & Millardet, and C. mauritiana all represent one species, but later (Garbary & Johansen, 1982: table 2) maintained them as separate species of Haliptilon.
* Haliptilon paniculatum (Lamouroux) Garbary & Johansen
Corallina paniculata Lamouroux in Quoy & Gaimard, 1824: 626 (syntype localities: Mauritius; Moluccas, Indonesia).--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 575.
Jania paniculata (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842b: 123.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 106.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 559.--- Martens, 1868: 86--87.
Haliptilon paniculatum (Lamouroux) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`paniculata').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius.
* Haliptilon polydactylum (Montagne & Millardet) Garbary & Johansen
Corallina polydactyla Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 18, pl. XXV: fig. 2 (type locality: Réunion).--- Martens, 1868: 86--87.--- De Toni & Levi, 1888: 48.--- De Toni, 1905: 1850.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 21--22, fig. 6.--- Břrgesen, 1950b: 8--9.--- Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 263.--- Hodgkin & Michel, 1963: 131.--- Faure & Montaggioni, 1977: 661.--- Pichon, 1978: 235, 412.--- Farghaly, 1980: 161.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
Haliptilon polydactylum (Montagne & Millardet) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`polydactyla').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodriguez Island.
Haliptilon roseum (Lamarck) Garbary & Johansen
Corallina rosea Lamarck, 1815: 235--236 (type locality: ``les mers Australes'' [probably southwestern Australia or Tasmania fide Johansen & Womersley, 1986: 560]).--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.
Jania rosea (Lamarck) Decaisne, 1842b: 123.--- J. Areschoug, 1850a: no. 23.--- Barton, 1896: 198.
Haliptilon roseum (Lamarck) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`rosea').--- Johansen & Womersley, 1986: 551--564, figs. 1--6.--- Huisman et al., 1990: 94.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 411--412.--- Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50.--- Millar, 1990: 321.
Taxonomic synonyms:
Corallina cuvieri Lamouroux, 1816: 286--287, pl. IX: fig. 8 (type locality: ``Australasie'').--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 572--573.--- Harvey, 1863: xxviii.--- Sonder, 1880: 21.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- Okamura, 1904: 93.--- De Toni, 1905: 1848--1849.--- Lucas, 1909: 57.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 90--96.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 62.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 362, 373.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 399--400, fig. 202.--- Pocock, 1958: 26.--- Hodgkin, Marsh, & Smith, 1959: 87.--- Edgar, 1990: 7.
Jania cuvieri (Lamouroux) Decaisne, 1842b: 123.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 105.--- J. Areschoug, 1850a: no. 22.--- Harvey, 1855b: 547.
Haliptilon cuvieri (Lamouroux) Johansen & P. Silva, 1978: 417.--- Kendrick, Walker, & McComb, 1988: 205, table 1.
Corallina gracilis Lamouroux, 1816: 288, pl. X: fig. 1 (type locality: ``Australasie'').--- Okamura, 1904: 92, 94.--- Manza, 1937a: 47.--- Manza, 1940: 278, 279.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.
Corallina crispata Lamouroux, 1816: 289: pl. X: fig. 3 (type locality: ``Australasie'').
Corallina cuvieri Lamouroux var. crispata (Lamouroux) J. Areschoug, 1852: 572.--- Harvey, 1863: xxviii.
Corallina pilifera Lamouroux, 1816: 289--290 (type locality: ``Australasie'' [Storm Bay, Tasmania fide Ducker, 1979b: 20]).--- Sonder, 1880: 21.--- Bornet, 1885: 19.--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- Lucas, 1909: 57.
Corallina plumifera Kützing, 1849: 705 (type locality: ``Nova-Hollandia'' [probably Western Australia fide Johansen & Womersley, 1986: 560]).--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.--- Jadin, 1935: 170.--- Lind, 1956: 26.
Misapplied names (fide Johansen & Womersley, 1986: 567):
Jania granifera.--- Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 187.
Corallina granifera.--- Kützing, 1849: 708 (Sonder record only).
Jania subulata.--- Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 186--187.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 106, pl. XL (upper left).
Corallina subulata.--- Kützing, 1849: 705--706 (Sonder record only).
Corallina cuvieri var. subulata.--- Kützing, 1858: 33--34, pl. 70: fig. II.--- Sonder, 1880: 21.--- Lucas, 1909: 57.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia. Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius. Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: The synonymy was proposed by Johansen & Womersley (1986). Hariot (1902: 472) reported Corallina natalensis J. Areschoug (1852: 574) from Madagascar. This invalid name was applied to the alga from Port Natal that Harvey (1849 [1847--1849]: 105) assigned to Jania rosea (Lamarck) Decaisne with a query. The alga probably is representative of Haliptilon. It should be noted that Corallina natalensis (Harvey) Kützing is a different species, referable to Jania.
Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen, L. Irvine, & Webster
Corallina squamata Linnaeus, 1758: 806 (type locality: ``Oc. Europaeo'').--- Krauss, 1837: 17--18.
Haliptilon squamatum (Linnaeus) Johansen, L. Irvine, & Webster, 1973: 212.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Haliptilon subulatum (Ellis & Solander) Johansen
Corallina subulata Ellis & Solander, 1786: 119--120, pl. 21: figs. b, B (type locality: West Indies).--- Isaac, 1971: 15.--- Moorjani, 1978: 463, 466.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
Haliptilon subulatum (Ellis & Solander) Johansen, 1970: 79, 83--84, figs. 10, 12 (`subulata') (including Indian Ocean records).--- Sartoni, 1975: 292, fig. 18.--- Jaasund, 1976: 77, fig. 157.--- Sartoni, 1976: 132, fig. 17.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 3.--- Lawson, 1980: 49, 50.--- Seagrief, 1980: 25, fig. on pl. 8.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 211, 213.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 174.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 29, pl. 60.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 237.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: See Note to Haliptilon mauritianum.
Haliptilon virgatum (Zanardini) Garbary & Johansen var. australe (Grunow) Garbary & Johansen
Corallina virgata Zanardini var. australis Grunow, 1874: 42 (type locality: Port Denison [Bowen], Queensland, Australia).
Corallina granifera Ellis & Solander var. australis (Grunow) De Toni, 1905: 1846.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 62.
Haliptilon virgatum (Zanardini) Garbary & Johansen var. australe (Grunow) Garbary & Johansen, 1982: 218 (`australis').
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia.
Note: See Note to Spongites.
Hydrolithon boreale (Foslie) Chamberlain
Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux forma borealis Foslie, 1905b: 96 (type locality: Roundstone, Ireland fide Chamberlain, 1994b: 116).
Hydrolithon boreale (Foslie) Chamberlain, 1994b: 116 (including Indian Ocean record).
Misapplied name:
Melobesia callithamnioides.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 141.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 305.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Chagos Archipelago (Egmont Atoll), Persian Gulf.
Note: The confusion between Hapalidium callithamnioides P. Crouan & H. Crouan, referable to Pneophyllum confervicola (Kützing) Chamberlain forma minutulum (Foslie) Chamberlain, and Melobesia farinosa forma callithamnioides is discussed by Chamberlain (l.c.) and Chamberlain (1994b: 116--117). Weber-van Bosse's material probably does not belong to either entity.
Hydrolithon breviclavium (Foslie) Foslie
Goniolithon breviclavium Foslie, 1907a: 20--21 (type locality: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands).
Hydrolithon breviclavium (Foslie) Foslie, 1909: 56.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 17 (table 1).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Seychelles.
Note: This species was recorded by Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik (1992: 43) as Spongites breviclavium (`Spongines braviclavium') comb. nov. This combination, however, is not valid since full bibliographic information was not provided.
Hydrolithon cruciatum (Bressan) Chamberlain
Fosliella cruciata Bressan in Bressan, Miniati-Radin, & Smundin, 1977: 43, figs. 1--7 (type locality: Golfo di Trieste, Italy).--- P. Jones & Woelkerling, 1984: 184--189, 191, figs. 2, 4.--- Harlin, Woelkerling, & Walker, 1985: 391.--- Huisman et al., 1990: 94.--- Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50.--- Huisman, 1993: 14.
Hydrolithon cruciatum (Bressan) Chamberlain, 1994b: 120.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Persian Gulf.
Hydrolithon cymodoceae (Foslie) Penrose
Melobesia cymodoceae Foslie, 1901a: 23--24 (type locality: Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia).--- Foslie, 1907a: 21.--- Mazza, 1917 [1905--1918]: 190--191.--- De Toni, 1924: 650.
Heteroderma cymodoceae (Foslie) Foslie, 1909: 56.--- Ducker, Foord, & Knox, 1977: 83.
Fosliella cymodoceae (Foslie) P. Jones & Woelkerling, 1984: 193 (table 5).--- Harlin, Woelkerling, & Walker, 1985: 391.--- Huisman et al., 1990: 94.--- Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50.
Hydrolithon cymodoceae (Foslie) Penrose, 1992a: 89.
Taxonomic synonym:
* Melobesia triplex Heydrich, 1902: 473 (type locality: near Fort-Dauphin [Taolanaro], Madagascar).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Madagascar.
Note: Melobesia triplex, which was first employed (without a description) by Hariot (1902: 472), is included as a synonym on the authority of Foslie (1907a: 21).
Hydrolithon farinosum (Lamouroux) Penrose & Chamberlain
Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux, 1816: 315, pl. XII: fig. 3 (type locality: not specified [Mediterranean Sea fide Chamberlain, 1983: 343, fig. 19]).--- Endlicher & Diesing, 1845a: 269.--- Harvey, 1863: xxx.--- Sonder, 1879: 83.--- Sonder, 1880: 20.--- Bornet, 1885: 19.--- Heydrich, 1897a: 44.--- Piccone, 1901: 123.--- Foslie, 1904a: 55--56.--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.--- Lucas, 1909: 55.--- Schröder, 1912: 302.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 60.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Břrgesen, 1939b: 109.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 16.--- Levring, 1946: 220.--- M. Balakrishnan, 1947: 305--319, figs. 1--36, pl. I.--- Newton, 1955a: 101.--- Newton, 1955b: 143.--- Gerloff, 1957: 765.--- Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 269.--- Sacco, 1965: 551.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 44.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Sartoni, 1975: 297.--- Sartoni, 1976: 133.--- Titlyanova & Butorin, 1978: 23.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [30].--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1993: 55.
Fosliella farinosa (Lamouroux) Howe, 1920: 587.--- V. May, 1965: 355.--- Umamaheswara Rao & Sreeramulu, 1970a: 37.--- Rhyne, 1971: 58.--- Hackett, 1977: 16.--- Basson, 1979: 70, pl. XI: fig. 60.--- S. Dixit, 1980: 71.--- Lawson, 1980: 43.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [30].--- McCain, 1984: 98.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- D. Jones, 1986: 33, pl. 9.--- Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 35.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Ambiye, 1989: table 1.--- Basson, 1992: 225.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 17 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Zvyagintsev & Ivin, 1992: 11 (table 4).
Hydrolithon farinosum (Lamouroux) Penrose & Chamberlain, 1993: 295--296, figs. 1--19 (including Indian Ocean records).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bahrain, Diego Garcia Atoll, Dubai, India, Indonesia (Flores and Sumba), Iran, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania.
The following taxon apparently lies within the circumscription of Hydrolithon farinosum but has not yet been transferred or reduced to synonymy:
* Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux forma mauritiana Foslie
Melobesia farinosa Lamouroux forma mauritiana Foslie, 1905c: 4--5 (type locality: Mauritius).--- De Toni, 1924: 645.--- Woelkerling, 1993: 146.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius.
* Hydrolithon improcerum (Foslie & Howe) Foslie var. tenue Segonzac nom. inval.
Hydrolithon improcerum (Foslie & Howe) Foslie var. tenue Segonzac, 1983: 250 (intended syntype localities: Comoro Islands and Mauritius).--- Segonzac, 1984: 100, table 1.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands, Mauritius.
Note: This name was used (without a description) by Segonzac (1983). A description was later provided (Segonzac, 1984: 100), but the requirements for Latin and designation of a type specimen were not fulfilled.
* Hydrolithon iyengarii Desikachary & Ganesan
Hydrolithon iyengarii Desikachary & Ganesan, 1967: 85--90, figs. 1--9, 11, 13 (type locality: Pamban, Tamil Nadu, India).--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1987c: 87, 89, figs. 10--13.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India.
* Hydrolithon krusadiense V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
Hydrolithon krusadiense V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1987c: 89--91, figs. 14--17 (type locality: Krusadi Island, near Pamban, Tamil Nadu, India).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India.
Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose & Woelkerling
Lithothamnion onkodes Heydrich, 1897b: 6--7, pl. I: fig. 11 (type locality: Tami Island, Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea).
Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1901: 533.--- Foslie, 1903b: 468.--- De Toni, 1905: 1787--1788.--- Foslie, 1907c: 105.--- Foslie, 1907d: 189.--- Reinbold, 1907: 579.--- Pilger, 1908b: 44--45, pl. 6: figs. 14--16.--- Foslie, 1909: 38--40 (``forma typica'').--- Schröder, 1912: 302.--- Foslie, 1929: 36, pl. LXVII: figs. 3, 4 (``forma typica'').
Porolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Foslie, 1909: 57.--- Lemoine, 1911: 160--162, pl. II: fig. 3.--- De Toni, 1924: 689.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 16.--- Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 269.--- Isaac, 1971: 17.--- Rhyne, 1971: 62.--- Subbaramaiah, 1974: 59.--- Hackett, 1977: 21.--- Pichon, 1978: 209, 237, 303, 419.--- Chelazzi & Vannini, 1980: 582.--- Lawson, 1980: 59.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1, pl. I: fig. 4.--- Segonzac, 1984: 100, pl. 2: fig. 4, table 1.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- Sartoni, 1986: 371, fig. 9A.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1987c: 83--85, figs. 1--3.--- Naim, 1993: 141.
Spongites onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose & Woelkerling, 1988: 173 (table 2).--- Coppejans & Prud'homme van Reine, 1992a: 185.
Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose & Woelkerling, 1992: 83 (including Indian Ocean records).--- Huisman, 1993: 14.--- Keats & Chamberlain, 1994a: 8--12, figs. 1--19.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Chagos Archipelago (Egmont Atoll and Salomon Atoll), Comoro Islands, Diego Garcia Atoll, Djibouti, India, Indonesia (Sumatra and Sumba), Kenya, Laccadive Islands (Minikoi Atoll), Madagascar, Maldives (Male Atoll), Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles (Coetivy Reef), Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
The following two taxa apparently lie within the circumscription of Hydrolithon onkodes but have not yet been transferred or reduced to synonymy:
* Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich forma funduense (Pilger) Foslie
Lithophyllum funduense Pilger, 1908b: 42, pl. 5: figs. 4--7 (type locality: Fundu Island, Pemba, Tanzania).--- De Toni, 1924: 674.
Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich forma funduense (Pilger) Foslie, 1909: 38, 40 (`oncodes forma funduensis').--- Foslie, 1929: 36, pl. LXVII: figs. 1, 2.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.
* Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich forma subramosum Foslie
Lithophyllum onkodes (Heydrich) Heydrich forma subramosum Foslie, 1907a: 29 (`subramosa') (lectotype locality: Galle, Sri Lanka fide Woelkerling, 1993: 213).--- Foslie, 1929: 36, pl. LXVII: 5.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka.
Hydrolithon pellire Chamberlain & Norris
Hydrolithon pellire Chamberlain & Norris, 1994b: 291--296, figs 1--27 (type locality: Umdloti, Natal, South Africa).--- Chamberlain & Norris, 1994a: 10, 14.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Foslie
Lithophyllum reinboldii Weber-van Bosse & Foslie in Foslie, 1901c: 5 (including Indian Ocean record) (lectotype locality: Muaras Reef, East Kalimantan, Indonesia fide Adey & Lebednik, 1967: 32).--- Foslie, 1903b: 466, pl. XXIV: fig. 4.
Goniolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Weber-van Bosse & Foslie in Foslie, 1904a: 49--51, fig. 21, pl. X: figs. 1, 3--5 (including Indian Ocean records).--- De Toni, 1905: 1801.--- Mazza, 1917 [1905--1918]: 194--197.--- Foslie, 1929: 31, pl. LII: figs. 1, 3.--- Hackett, 1977: 18.
Hydrolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Foslie, 1909: 55.--- De Toni, 1924: 656--657.--- Desikachary & Ganesan, 1967: 83--85, figs. 10, 12.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Isaac, 1971: 16.--- Lawson, 1980: 50.--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [29].--- Segonzac, 1984: table 1.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1987c: 85, 87, figs. 7--9.--- Penrose & Woelkerling, 1992: 83, figs. 1, 2.
Porolithon reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Lemoine, 1911: 166--169.
Spongites reinboldii (Weber-van Bosse & Foslie) Penrose & Woelkerling, 1988: 173 (table 2).--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 17 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Islands, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Maldives, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Tanzania (Zanzibar).
Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) Keats & Chamberlain
Lithophyllum samoënse Foslie, 1906b: 20 (lectotype locality: Satana, Savai'i Island, Western Samoa fide Adey & Lebednik, 1967: 17).--- Segonzac, 1983: table 1.--- Segonzac, 1984: 101--102, pl. 2: fig. 7, table 1.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1985b: 82--85, figs. 18--22 [miscited 14--18].--- Woelkerling, 1993: 182.
Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) Keats & Chamberlain, 1994a: 15--19, figs. 31--54.--- Chamberlain & Keats, 1994: 113, fig. 2.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Djibouti, India, Réunion, South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Hydrolithon superficiale Keats & Chamberlain
Hydrolithon superficiale Keats & Chamberlain, 1994a: 12--15, figs. 20--30 (type locality: Mbibi, Natal, South Africa).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
* Hydrolithon verrucosum V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal
Hydrolithon verrucosum V. Krishnamurthy & Jayagopal, 1987c: 91--92, figs. 18--22 (type locality: Pudumadam, Tamil Nadu, India).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India.
Jania adhaerens Lamouroux, 1816: 270 (type locality: ``Méditerranée ?'').--- Krauss, 1846: 211.--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- Martens, 1869b: 456.--- Martens, 1871b: 467.--- Sonder, 1879: 83.--- Theobald, 1883: 29.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- Möbius, 1893: 138.--- P. Anand, 1943b: 19--20, figs. 11A--C.--- Břrgesen, 1953: 27.--- T. Rao & Rao, 1963: 116, tables 1b, I.--- Salim, 1965: 195, 196.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Isaac, 1971: 15.--- Islam, 1974b: 87.--- Islam, 1976: 53.--- Jaasund, 1976: 77, fig. 154.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- M. Joseph, 1978a: 18.--- Knutzen & Jaasund, 1979: 3.--- Farghaly, 1980: 161.--- V. Krishnamurthy, 1980: 53.--- Lawson, 1980: 52.--- Nair & Thampy, 1980: 125.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [30].--- Untawale & Jagtap, 1984: 101 (table 1).--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- P. Subba Rao et al., 1985: 33.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986a: 54.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 211, 213.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 175.--- Jagtap, 1987: table 1.--- Shameel, 1987a: 514.--- Shameel & Afaq Hussain, 1987: 296.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 30.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303.--- Shameel, Afaq-Husain, & Shahid-Husain, 1989: 179.--- Untawale & Jagtap, 1989: table I.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Deshmukhe, 1989: table 1.--- V. Krishnamurthy et al., 1990: 278, figs. 4, 5, 7, 8.--- Maruthamuthu et al., 1990: 69.--- Kamat et al., 1991: 56.--- Thomas & Subbaramaiah, 1991a: table 2.--- Bhakuni et al., 1992: 515.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1993: 55.--- Rama Rao et al., 1993: 106.--- Bakus et al., 1994: 127.
Corallina adhaerens (Lamouroux) Kützing, 1858: 40, pl. 83: figs. IIa--f.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.--- Pilger, 1908b: 48.--- Schröder, 1912: 304.
Misapplied name:
Corallina rubens.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 181.--- De Wildeman, 1900: 426.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia (Java), Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania.
Note: De Wildeman, believing Jania adhaerens to be a synonym of Corallina rubens, cited the Martens record from Java under the latter name.
Jania affinis Harvey, 1855b: 547 (type locality: Rottnest Island, Western Australia).--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- Sonder, 1880: 21.--- De Toni, 1905: 1857.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Lucas, 1912: 164.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 63.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 412.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia.
Jania capillacea Harvey, 1853: 84--85 (type locality: Bahia Honda, Florida, U.S.A.).--- P. Anand, 1943b: 20--21, fig. 12.--- Salim, 1965: 195, 196.--- Sigee, 1966: 74.--- Tsuda & Newhouse, 1966: 100.--- Isaac, 1967: 79.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.--- Isaac & Isaac, 1968: 23.--- Davies, Stoddart, & Sigee, 1971: 226, 241, 242, 246.--- Rhyne, 1971: 60.--- Lind & Morrison, 1974: 130, fig. 4.1b.--- Hackett, 1977: 19.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Titlyanova & Butorin, 1978: 23, 27.--- Lawson, 1980: 52.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [39].--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 175.--- Banaimoon, 1988a: 219, fig. 10.--- Moorjani & Simpson, 1988: 30.--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1990: 237.--- Kaliaperumal, Rajagopalan, & Chennubhotla, 1992: 106.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 46.--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.--- Zvyagintsev & Ivin, 1992: tables 3, 4.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1993: 55.--- Ormond & Banaimoon, 1994: 118.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Diego Garcia Atoll, India, Kenya, Laccadive Islands, Maldives, Pakistan, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Yemen.
Jania crassa Lamouroux, 1821: 23, pl. 69, figs. 9, 10 (type locality: Dusky Sound, New Zealand).--- Bolton & Stegenga, 1987: 175.--- Seagrief, 1988: 52, fig. 5:8.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Jania decussatodichotoma (Yendo) Yendo
Corallina decussatodichotoma Yendo, 1902a: 25, pl. III: figs. 1--3; pl. VII: figs. 3, 4 (`decussato-dichotoma') (syntype localities: various in Japan).--- Okamura, 1904: 92, 94.
Jania decussatodichotoma (Yendo) Yendo, 1905: 37 (`decussato-dichotoma').--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 105--108.--- Rhyne, 1971: 60.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Diego Garcia Atoll, Seychelles.
Jania fastigiata Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 107 (type locality: Algoa Bay, Cape Province, South Africa).--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 556--557.--- Hohenacker, 1855 [1852--1862]: no. 234.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix, pl. CCLI.--- Martens, 1871b: 467.--- Sonder, 1880: 21.--- Theobald, 1883: 29.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- De Toni, 1905: 1854--1855.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 397, fig. 201.--- Hodgkin, Marsh, & Smith, 1959: 87.--- Marsh & Hodgkin, 1962: fig. 4.
Corallina fastigiata (Harvey) Kützing, 1858: 38, pl. 79: figs. IIIg--i.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, South Africa.
Jania intermedia (Kützing) Isaac comb. nov.
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Corallina intermedia Kützing, 1858: 37--38, 42, pl. 79: fig. I; pl. 86: fig. IV (type locality: Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).
Jania intermedia (Kützing) Isaac.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique.
Note: When Kützing published Corallina intermedia, he inserted the subgeneric designation Jania in parentheses. This format led Isaac (1957b: 93, 95, figs. 14, 15), in recording a specimen from Mozambique, to attribute Jania intermedia directly to Kützing. The binomial as first used by Isaac was later cited by Isaac (1958: 20), Isaac & Chamberlain (1958: 149), Pocock (1958: 26), and Brown & Jarman (1978: 1254) but it cannot be considered a valid new combination because only a bibliographic reference and not the name of the basionym was cited. The combination is validated herein and should be cited Jania intermedia (Kützing) Isaac (in P. Silva, Basson, & Moe).
Jania iyengarii E. Ganesan, 1966b: 46--58, figs. 1--30, pl. I (type locality: Covelong, near Madras, India).--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Subbaramaiah, 1972: 395.--- Subbaramaiah, 1974: 59.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [30].
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: India.
Jania longiarthra Dawson, 1953: 119, pl. 9: fig. 4; pl. 27: fig. 4 (type locality: Isla Espíritu Santo, Gulf of California, Mexico).--- Titlyanova & Butorin, 1978: 27.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Maldives, Seychelles.
Jania longifurca Zanardini, 1844: 1025 (type locality: Dalmatian coast, Croatia).--- Hariot, 1902: 472.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.
Jania micrarthrodia Lamouroux, 1816: 271, pl. IX: fig. 5 (type locality: ``Australasie'').--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 555--556.--- Harvey, 1855b: 547.--- Harvey, 1863: xxix.--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- De Toni, 1905: 1855--1856.--- A. Gepp & E. Gepp, 1905: 341.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.--- De Toni & Forti, 1923: 63.--- Lucas & Perrin, 1947: 397.--- Hodgkin, Marsh, & Smith, 1959: 87.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Huisman et al., 1990: 94.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 412.--- Kendrick, Huisman, & Walker, 1990: 50.
Corallina micrarthrodia (Lamouroux) Reinbold, 1899: 51.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Lawson, 1980: 40.
Taxonomic synonyms:
* Jania antennina Kützing, 1843b: 389 (type locality: ``NeuHolland'' [probably Western Australia]).--- Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 186.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 107.--- Kützing, 1849: 710.--- Kützing, 1858: 40, pl. 84: figs. Ia--d.--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.
* Jania tenuissima Sonder, 1848 [1846--1848]: 186 (type locality: Western Australia [mouth of Swan River fide Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 106]).--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 106--107, pl. XL (middle left).--- Kützing, 1849: 710.
Jania micrarthrodia Lamouroux var. tenuissima (Sonder) Sonder, 1880: 21.--- Lucas, 1909: 56.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Christmas Island, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Tanzania.
Note: The conspecificity of Jania micrarthrodia, J. antennina, and J. tenuissima was proposed by J. Areschoug (1852: 555).
Jania natalensis Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 107 (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 558.--- Barton, 1893: 204.--- De Toni, 1905: 1856.--- Stephenson, Stephenson, & du Toit, 1937: 355, 373.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301.--- Durairatnam & Ragunathamuthaliar, 1976: 656, table 1.--- Brown & Jarman, 1978: 1258, 1259.--- Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984a: 175.--- Mageswaran & Sivasubramaniam, 1984b: tables 1--3, 5.--- Mageswaran, Balakrishnan, & Balasubramaniam, 1985: table 1.
Corallina natalensis (Harvey) Kützing, 1858: 38, pl. 79: figs. IIc--f.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Sri Lanka.
Jania natalensis Harvey var. tenuior nom. inval.
Jania natalensis Harvey var. tenuior.--- Harvey, 1857a: no. 25 (nom. inval.).--- G. Murray, 1887: 33.--- Břrgesen, 1936: 82--83.--- Durairatnam, 1961a: 51.--- S. Dixit, 1968: 20.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka.
Note: This name was used (without a description) by Harvey (1857a: no. 25) in his Ceylon exsiccata. It has not been validly published by subsequent authors, although an English description was provided by Durairatnam (l.c.).
Jania pacifica J. Areschoug, 1852: 556 (type locality: Guatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico).--- Bornet, 1885: 19.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.
Jania pedunculata Lamouroux, 1816: 270, pl. IX: fig. 3 (type locality: ``Australasie'').
Corallina pedunculata (Lamouroux) Kützing, 1858: 37, pl. 78: fig. II.--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Mauritius.
Jania pumila Lamouroux, 1816: 269, pl. IX: fig. 2 (syntype localities: ``Mer rouge''; ``Indes Orientales'').--- Kützing, 1849: 710.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 559.--- Martens, 1868: 29, 86--87.--- De Toni & Levi, 1888: 61.--- De Wildeman, 1897a: 181.--- Břrgesen, 1939b: 107--108.--- Newton, 1955b: 143.--- S. Dixit, 1970: 118.--- Isaac, 1971: 16.--- Jaasund, 1976: 77, fig. 156.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Lawson, 1980: 52.--- Al-Hasan & Jones, 1989: 301, pl. 7: fig. 58.--- Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 35.--- Basson, 1992: 225.--- Jagtap, 1993: table I.
Corallina pumila (Lamouroux) Kützing, 1858: 39.--- De Toni, 1905: 1836.--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Bahrain, Indonesia (Sumatra), Iran, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Mauritius (Agalega Islands), Seychelles (Mahé Island), Tanzania.
Corallina ? nana Lenormand in Harvey, 1863: xxix (syntype localities: Port Fairy and Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia).
Corallina pusilla Sonder, 1880: 21 (including Indian Ocean record).--- Lucas, 1909: 57.
Jania pusilla (Sonder) Yendo, 1905: 39.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia.
Note: Corallina pusilla Sonder is a substitute name for C. nana Lenormand, a later homonym of C. nana Zanardini (1844: 1024).
Jania pygmaea Lamouroux, 1816: 269, pl. IX: fig. 1 (type locality: ``Sur le Galaxaura Lapidescens du Cap de Bonne-Espérance'').--- Kützing, 1849: 710.--- Sonder, 1879: 83.--- De Toni, 1905: 1856.
Corallina pygmaea (Lamouroux) Kützing, 1858: 37.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Tanzania.
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux
Corallina rubens Linnaeus, 1758: 806 (type locality: Europe).--- Krauss, 1837: 14--15.--- Kützing, 1858: 40, pl. 84: figs. IVm--p.--- Hauck, 1888 [1886--1889]: 91.--- Schmitz, 1895a: 140.--- Schmitz, 1895b: 29.--- De Toni, 1905: 1836--1837.--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- De Toni, 1920: 134.
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1816: 272.--- Harvey, 1849 [1847--1849]: 107.--- J. Areschoug, 1852: 557--558.--- Askenasy, 1888: 54.--- Bornet, 1888: 20.--- Barton, 1893: 203.--- Piccone, 1901: 123.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1904b: 108.--- Reinbold, 1908: 200.--- Mazza, 1918 [1905--1918]: 100--102.--- Břrgesen, 1934a: 7--8.--- Břrgesen, 1934b: 35.--- Břrgesen, 1935: 52.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Břrgesen, 1938b: 214.--- Břrgesen, 1939b: 107.--- S. Dixit, 1940a: 96.--- S. Dixit, 1941: 127.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 26.--- Stephenson, 1947: 301 (with query).--- Chacko, Mahadevan, & Ganesan, 1955: 12.--- Newton, 1955b: 143.--- Gerloff, 1957: 765.--- Varma, 1959: 249.--- Varma, 1961: 224, 225.--- Baissac, Lubet, & Michel, 1962: 262.--- Hodgkin & Michel, 1963: 131.--- T. Rao & Rao, 1963: 116, fig. 4, tables 1b,c, I.--- S. Dixit, 1966: 13.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1969d: 44.--- V. Krishnamurthy & Joshi, 1970: 19.--- Umamaheswara Rao & Sreeramulu, 1970a: 38.--- Umamaheswara Rao, 1974a: 302.--- Sartoni, 1975: 297.--- Sartoni, 1976: 132.--- Pichon, 1978: 162, 163, 165, 228, 303, 415.--- Basson, 1979: 70, pl. XI: fig. 61.--- Farghaly, 1980: 161.--- Lawson, 1980: 52.--- Nair & Thampy, 1980: 125.--- A. Sarma, Satapathy, & Rao, 1981: table 4.--- Chandrasekhara Rao et al., 1982: tables 2, 3.--- Muralikrishnamurty, 1983: tables 1, 2.--- Untawale, Dhargalkar, & Agadi, 1983: [30].--- McCain, 1984: 98.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, 1985: 96.--- Payri, 1985: 640.--- G. Rao & Umamaheswara Rao, 1986: 103.--- Chennubhotla, Kaliaperumal, & Kalimuthu, 1987a: 106--107.--- Basson, Mohamed, & Arora, 1989: 35.--- Phang, 1989: 86--88.--- Untawale, Reddy, & Ambiye, 1989: table 1.--- Phang & Wee, 1991: 58.--- D. Rao et al., 1991: tables 1, 2.--- Basson, 1992: 225.--- Kalimuthu, Kaliaperumal, & Ramalingam, 1992: 123.--- Premnathan et al., 1992: table I.--- Kumar, 1993a: 139, 140.--- Kumar, 1993b: 47.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Amsterdam Island, Andaman Islands, Bahrain, Comoro Islands, Djibouti, India, Indonesia (Lombok), Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania.
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. africana Lamouroux
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. africana Lamouroux, 1816: 272, 273 (type locality: not specified; presumably Africa).--- Krauss, 1846: 211.--- Barton, 1893: 203.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. concatenata Lamouroux
Jania rubens (Linnaeus) Lamouroux var. concatenata Lamouroux, 1816: 271--272, 273, pl. IX: figs. 6, 7 (syntype localities: Europe; America).--- Montagne & Millardet, 1862: 19.--- Martens, 1868: 86--87.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Réunion.
Jania tenella (Kützing) Grunow
Corallina tenella Kützing, 1858: 41, pl. 85: fig. II (syntype localities: Golfo di Napoli, Italy; Mexico).--- Reinbold, 1907: 578.--- Schröder, 1912: 303.--- Lawson, 1980: 40.
Jania tenella (Kützing) Grunow, 1874: 42.--- Dickie, 1874b: 193.--- Prain, 1892: 341, 359.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 141.--- Weber-van Bosse, 1914: 305.--- Jadin, 1935: 171.--- Břrgesen, 1943: 26.--- Břrgesen, 1950b: 9.--- Břrgesen, 1954a: 15.--- Rhyne, 1971: 60.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Burma (Coco Group), Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia Atoll, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, Tanzania.
Corallina ungulata Yendo, 1902a: 26--27, pl. III: figs. 7, 8; pl. VII: fig. 8 (syntype localities: Japan: Wakasa Province [Fukui Prefecture] and Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture).
Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo, 1905: 38.--- Islam, 1974b: 87.--- Islam, 1976: 53, pl. 65: figs. 383--386.--- Hackett, 1977: 19.--- Zvyagintsev & Ivin, 1992: 8 (table 1).
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Maldives, Seychelles.
Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo forma brevior (Yendo) Yendo
Corallina ungulata Yendo forma brevior Yendo, 1902a: 27, pl. III: fig. 9; pl. VII: fig. 9 (type locality: Boshu Province [Chiba Prefecture], Japan).
Jania ungulata (Yendo) Yendo forma brevior (Yendo) Yendo, 1905: 38.--- Isaac, 1968: 4.--- Jaasund, 1976: 77, fig. 155.--- Jaasund, 1977c: 419.--- Lawson, 1980: 52.--- Kalugina-Gutnik, Perestenko, & Titlyanova, 1992: 18 (table 1).--- Titlyanova, Perestenko, & Kalugina-Gutnik, 1992: 43.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Aldabra Islands, Kenya, Seychelles, Tanzania.
Jania verrucosa Lamouroux, 1816: 270, pl. IX: fig. 4 (type locality: ``Amérique Méridionale'').--- Zanardini, 1872: 143.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986a: 54.--- Lambert & Steinke, 1986b: 203, 211, 215.--- R. Anderson & Stegenga, 1989: 303.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 412.--- Farrell, Critchley, & Aken, 1993: 152.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Singapore, South Africa.
* Leptophytum acervatum (Foslie) Chamberlain & Keats
Lithothamnion acervatum Foslie, 1907b: 4--5 (lectotype locality: Natal, South Africa fide Chamberlain & Keats, 1994: 111).--- De Toni, 1924: 612.--- Foslie, 1929: 38, pl. I: figs. 14, 15.--- Woelkerling, 1993: 16.
Phymatolithon acervatum (Foslie) Adey, 1970: 28.
Leptophytum acervatum (Foslie) Chamberlain & Keats, 1994: 111, figs. 1, 3, 5.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
* Leptophytum ferox (Foslie) Chamberlain & Keats
Lithothamnion ferox Foslie, 1907b: 7 (type locality: Port Natal [Durban], South Africa).--- De Toni, 1924: 628.--- Foslie, 1929: 40, pl. IV: fig. 9.--- Woelkerling, 1993: 92.
Mesophyllum ferox (Foslie) Adey, 1970: 24.
Leptophytum ferox (Foslie) Chamberlain & Keats, 1994: 119, figs. 50, 77--97, 100--105.
Taxonomic synonym (fide Chamberlain & Keats, 1994: 119):
* Lithothamnion prolixum Foslie, 1908a: 9 (lectotype locality: Natal, South Africa fide Adey & Lebednik, 1967: 80).--- Foslie, 1929: 45, pl. XIV: figs. 9, 10 (``forma typica'').
Mesophyllum prolixum (Foslie) Adey, 1970: 25.
Misapplied name (fide Foslie, 1908a: 9):
Lithothamnion falsellum.--- Foslie, 1900a: 10--11.
INDIAN OCEAN DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.
Lesueuria Woelkerling & Ducker
* Lesueuria minderiana Woelkerling & Ducker
Lesueuria minderiana Woelkerling & Ducker, 1987: 193--199, figs. 1--24 (type locality: Mabel Cove, Rottnest Island, Western Australia).--- Woelkerling, 1988: 121--124, figs. 106, 108, 109.--- Huisman & Walker, 1990: 412.